Allergy shot reactions: 5 Things you need to know

Allergy treatments are becoming more and more important as the prevalence of allergies continues to rise. Allergies can range from minor annoyances to life-threatening conditions and can be triggered by anything from pollen to certain foods. Fortunately, there are many different treatments available to help those suffering from allergies. One of the most common treatments for allergies is allergen immunotherapy, also known as desensitization.

Allergy shots are a form of treatment that helps reduce the body’s response to allergens. They are often recommended for people who suffer from severe allergies or have not responded to other forms of treatment. Although environmental allergy shots are generally considered safe, there are a few things to consider before undergoing this treatment. Here are five things to know about allergy shots.

1. SWELLING

If you’ve ever received an allergy shot, you’ve probably experienced some degree of swelling in your arm. While this is a normal reaction, it is important to be aware of the signs of a more serious reaction. Swelling at the injection site is one of the most common reactions to an allergy shot. Generally, a small, hard lump will appear within a few minutes of the injection and can last for up to two days. This is the body’s normal response to the allergen and is generally nothing to worry about. In some cases, however, the swelling can be more severe. If the area is red, warm to the touch, or is accompanied by a fever, these could be signs of an allergic reaction and should be evaluated by a doctor as soon as possible.

2. OTHER LOCALIZED REACTIONS

The most common type of allergy shot reaction is a localized reaction, which occurs at the site of the injection. These reactions may include itching, redness and pain. These reactions are usually mild and should resolve quickly within a few hours.

3. SYSTEMIC REACTIONS

Systemic reactions occur when the body responds to the allergen in a more widespread way. These reactions can cause hives, itching, wheezing, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing. Systemic reactions are more serious and usually require medical treatment.

4. ANAPHYLAXIS

Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It can occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen and can be deadly if not treated immediately. Symptoms of anaphylaxis can include hives, swelling of the face, lips and tongue, difficulty breathing, wheezing, rapid pulse, nausea, vomiting and loss of consciousness. People who are at risk of anaphylaxis should always carry an auto-injector of epinephrine (adrenaline) and be familiar with how to use it. Anaphylaxis is caused by a reaction to a specific allergen, such as certain foods, medications, insect stings or latex. It is an overreaction of the immune system, which causes the release of a large number of chemicals such as histamine and leukotrienes.

5. BOOSTERS

The initial injection is typically followed by a series of “booster” shots, which are given on a regular schedule. The first step in allergen immunotherapy is to have a detailed evaluation with an allergist. During this process, the doctor will take a thorough medical history and perform tests to determine which allergens are causing the patient’s symptoms. Once the source of the allergies is identified, the allergist can create a customized immunotherapy program. The next step is to begin the series of allergen immunotherapy injections. During each session, the patient will receive a set of shots, typically containing a small amount of the allergen they are allergic to. The amount of the allergen is gradually increased over time, as the body becomes more accustomed to it. The patient will need to return for additional shots on a regular basis, typically every two to four weeks.

THE TAKEAWAY

Allergy shots are a type of immunotherapy treatment designed to reduce or eliminate allergic reactions. Although generally safe and effective, there is always a risk of side effects and reactions to the shots, just as shown above. Make sure you check in with the doctor at all times when starting immunotherapy.

Our board-certified allergy specialist is here to help not only with the right diagnosis but also with treatments including immunotherapy. Get in touch today for more information!